Bibliography for my Talk at TAM 7: Why Evidence-Based Medicine is not yet Science-Based Medicine

As promised at the meeting. Let me know by comment if you think I left anything out.

 Intro to EBM.

• Sackett DL, Rosenberg WM, Gray JA, Haynes RB, Richardson WS. Evidence-Based Medicine. What it is and what it isn’t. British Journal of Medicine. 1996 Jan 13;312(7023):71-2. Available at: http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/extract/312/7023/71
• Glasziou P. Introduction to EBM. Power Point Presentation. Available on CEBM website at: http://www.cebm.net/index.aspx?o=4378
• Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine – Levels of Evidence (March 2009) http://www.cebm.net/index.aspx?o=1025 

Examples of prior knowledge having been insufficient to determine safety and efficacy.

• Echt DS, Liebson PR, Mitchell LB, et al. Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo — the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. N Engl J Med 1991;324:781-788. [Abstract]
• Risks and Benefits of Estrogen Plus Progestin in Healthy Postmenopausal Women: Principal Results From the Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial. Writing Group for the Women’s Health Initiative Investigators. JAMA. 2002;288(3):321-333. Available at: http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/288/3/321

Reasonable Cochrane Review (abstract).

• Physical activity programs for persons with dementia. Available at: http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab006489.html

Misleading Cochrane Reviews—due to failure to acknowledge the necessary role of prior knowledge (abstracts).

• Homeopathy for Dementia. Available at: http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab003803.html
• Homoeopathic Oscillococcinum for preventing and treating influenza and influenza-like syndromes. Available at: http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab001957.html
• Homeopathy for ADHD. Available at: http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab005648.html
• Acupuncture and assisted conception. Available at: http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab006920.html
• Acupuncture for schizophrenia. Available at: http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab005475.html
• Laetrile treatment for cancer. Available at: http://www.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab005476.html

Laetrile; Ernst’s curious view of prior knowledge.

• Moertel et al. A clinical trial of amygdalin (Laetrile) in the treatment of human cancer. N Engl J Med. 1982 Jan 28;306(4):201-6. Abstract at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7033783
• Relman AS. Closing the books on Laetrile. N Engl J Med. 1982 Jan 28;306(4):236.
• Ernst E. Researching the ‘absurd’. Focus Altern Complement Ther 2003; 8: 307–8. Available at: http://www.medicinescomplete.com/journals/fact/current/fact0803a06d01.htm

Misleading reviews from Natural Standard and Harvard Medical School.

• Crystal Therapy and Electrocrystal Therapy. Available at: http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/8513/34968/358811.html?d=dmtContent
• Craniosacral Therapy. Available at: http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/8513/34968/358810.html?d=dmtContent
• Kirlian Photography. Available at: http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/8513/34968/358832.html?d=dmtContent
• Reflexology. Available at: http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/8513/34968/360060.html?d=dmtContent
• Therapeutic Touch. Available at: http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/8513/34968/358873.html?d=dmtContent
• Index of Alternative Therapies and Modalities. Available at: http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/8513/34968.html

Homeopathy: the Evidence.

•  Homeopathy and Evidence-Based Medicine: Back to the Future Part V

Prior Probability and Bayes Theorem.

• Prior Probability: The Dirty Little Secret of “Evidence-Based Alternative Medicine”
• Prior Probability: the Dirty Little Secret of “Evidence-Based Alternative Medicine”—Continued
• Prior Probability: the Dirty Little Secret of “Evidence-Based Alternative Medicine”—Continued Again
• Goodman SN. Toward evidence-based medical statistics. 1: The P value fallacy. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:995-1004.
• Goodman SN. Toward evidence-based medical statistics. 2: The Bayes factor. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130:1005-13. 
• Ioannidis JPA, 2005 Why Most Published Research Findings Are False. PLoS Med 2(8): e124. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124 
• Goodman S, Greenland S (2007) Assessing the unreliability of the medical literature: A response to “Why most published research findings are false”. Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biostatistics.

Misleading Trials.

• Harris WS, Gowda M, Kolb J et al. A Randomized, Controlled Trial of the Effects of Remote, Intercessory Prayer on Outcomes in Patients Admitted to the Coronary Care Unit. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159:2273-2278.
• Effectiveness of acupuncture as adjunctive therapy in osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized, controlled trial. Berman BM, Lao L, Langenberg P, Lee WL, Gilpin AM, Hochberg MC. Ann Intern Med. 2004 Dec 21;141(12):901-10.

Misleading Meta-analysis and systematic review.

• Are the clinical effects of homeopathy placebo effects? A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials. Linde K, Clausius N, Ramirez G, Melchart D, Eitel F, Hedges LV, Jonas WB. Lancet. 1997 Sep 20;350(9081):834-43. Erratum in: Lancet 1998 Jan 17;351(9097):220.

• Astin JA, Harkness E, Ernst E. The efficacy of “distant healing”: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Ann Intern Med 2000; 132: 903–10